Argumentation:

• argument– a set of reasons given in support of a claim
• conclusion– the claim intended to be supported by the argument
• premises– claimed given as reasons for thinking the conclusion of the argument is true
• deductive validity– an argument is valid if the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, if the premises are true then the conclusion must also be true
• soundness– an argument is sound if it is valid and all of its premises are true
• inductive strength– it is unlikely that the conclusion is false if the premises are true
• consistency– when a set of propositions can’t all be simultaneously true

(from lecture notes)

Art & Reality:

• form– essence [definitions, ideas, types]
• type– form or idea
• token– physical example
• purification– the removal of contaminants
• purgation– the purification or cleansing of someone or something

(from lecture notes and Oxford Dictionary)

Mind, Body, & Identity:

• methodological doubt– doubt any proposition if there is the slightest reason to do so
• epistemology– the study of knowledge

(from lecture notes)

Freedom & The Meaning of Life

• Determinism– every event has a cause; whatever happens, happens necessarily
• Fatalism– refers to the belief that whatever happens is the result of fate
• effective 1st-order desires– desires that have motivated, are motivating, or will motivate an agent to act
• non-effective 1st-order desires– desires that are not effective

(from lecture notes)